Notes on the data: Child and youth health - Infant mortality

Infant mortality, 2018 to 2022

Policy context: The survival of infants in their first year of life is viewed as an indicator of general health and wellbeing of a population. Infant mortality refers to deaths of infants under one year of age and is measured by the infant mortality rate (IMR), the rate of infant deaths per 1000 births in a calendar year. The IMR for Indigenous infants is significantly higher than that for non-Indigenous infants, indicating their overall poorer health and wellbeing and the levels of socioeconomic disadvantage of their families, much of which represent the legacy of colonisation, cultural dispossession, discriminatory policies and social exclusion.

Australia has one of the lowest IMR in the world, and over time this is improving: in 2022 it was 3.2 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, compared with 4.1 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2010 [1].

However, the five state/territory (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and the Northern Territory) IMR for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians was 63 per cent above the rate for non-Indigenous Australians (5.2 and 3.2 per 1,000 live births, respectively) [2].

Reference

3302.0 - Infant deaths. Deaths, Australia, 2018. Available from: https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3302.0Main%20Features52018: last accessed 2 December 2019
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Deaths, Australia, 2022. Available from: https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/deaths-australia/latest-release#aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-people: last accessed 29 November 2023

Notes: Data are not shown for areas where there were fewer than 20 births.

For detailed data released since 2007, the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) has applied a staged approach to the coding of cause of death which affects the number of records available for release at any date. In general, the latest year’s data are designated preliminary, the second latest as revised and the data for the remaining years as final. For further information about the ABS revisions process see the following and related sites: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/3303.0Explanatory%20Notes12015?OpenDocument.

Data published here are from the following releases: 2017, 2018, 2020, final; and 2021, and 2022 preliminary.

Geography: Data available by Population Health Area, Local Government Area, Primary Health Network, Quintile of socioeconomic disadvantage of area and Quintiles within PHNs, and Remoteness Area

Numerator: Deaths that occurred before 12 months of age

Denominator: Live births

Detail of analysis: Infant mortality rate; infant deaths per 1,000 live births

Source: Data compiled by PHIDU from deaths data based on the 2018 to 2022 Cause of Death Unit Record Files supplied by the Australian Coordinating Registry and the Victorian Department of Justice, on behalf of the Registries of Births, Deaths and Marriages and the National Coronial Information System. The births data for 2018 to 2022 were compiled from the ABS Births, Australia.